What are the criteria for determining authorization for sport participation?

Based on the level of strenuousness and contact, sports are classified in the pre-preparation athletic examination (PPE):

•Contact-collision
•Limited contact
•Strenuous - non-contact
•Moderately strenuous, non-contact
•Non-strenuous – non-contact

What are the determining factors of a physician to limit specific activities?

The most relevant and challenging aspects of the pre-participation screening is the determination whether an athlete meets the criteria for sports participation. Approval and clearance is devised of three major categories:

•Unrestricted clearance
•Clearance upon completion of an additional evaluation or rehabilitation
•No clearance for specific types of sports or for all sports

Is it feasible to restrict participation during the completion of treatment?

If clearance is denied only for certain sports or sports categories, in what activities can the athlete safely participate?

What is athletic heart syndrome?

During training and physical activity, the heart of an athlete endures certain efficient and morphological modifications in physical size and shape. These discerning variations are what identifies the heart of a non-exercising individual, or normal fitness persom from an athlete. The changes reflect the normal physiologic reactions to exercise and not a disease process. The extent of the changes are affected by the training program, stamina and endurance strength (isometric) compared with (aerobic).

What is the difference between endurance athletes versus strength athletes?

Endurance athletes have an amplified cardiac output as well as a larger left ventricular volume; while strength athletes have very massive increase in thickness of the heart wall muscle. (In the endurance athletes, their heart rate is lower than strength athletes).